* The “Invesco US Large Cap Total Balanced Multi-Factor ESG Index” and “Invesco Indexing” are the property of Invesco Indexing LLC and have been licensed for use by Invesco Capital Management
Quality. A company’s quality factor score is based on an equally-weighted composite of three metrics: management quality (measured by the average quarterly percentage change in shares outstanding over the previous three years), earnings quality (measured by dividing the most recent year’s operating cash flow by the most recent year’s earnings), and operating quality (measured by dividing the most recent year’s aggregate gross income by the most recent year’s average total assets).
Value. A company’s value factor score is generally based on an equally-weighted composite of free cash flow yield, earnings yield, book value of equity yield, and funds from operations generally. For banks the value score is based on earnings yield and book value of equity yield, and for real estate companies it is based on earnings yield, book value of equity yield, and funds from operations yield. Free cash flow, funds from operations, and earnings are measured over the previous year while book value is based on the most recent financial statement.
Price Momentum. A company’s price momentum factor score is based on the average monthly total return over the past nine months, excluding the most recent month, divided by the standard error of those total returns.
Low Volatility. A company’s low volatility factor score is based on the standard deviation of monthly total returns to a company’s stock price for the most recent 36-month period.
The Invesco Index constituents generally are weighted based on their market capitalizations and Model Scores. These weights are adjusted to ensure that each constituent and the Invesco Index as a whole satisfy certain constraints with respect to sector exposure, maximum security weights, and minimum security weights, as compared to a float-adjusted, market-capitalization weighted benchmark comprised of all of the U.S. large-capitalization securities of the Investable Universe. The Invesco Index is rebalanced effective the third Friday in June and December. In addition, Invesco Index maintenance is performed effective the third Friday in March and September, during which constituents may be removed if they are no longer constituents of the Investable Universe, are within the tobacco, aerospace, coal, and pipeline industries, are in the bottom 10% by ESG Score, or have a detrimental score for controversies. The U.S. Equity Segment is rebalanced and
maintained in accordance with the Invesco Index, meaning that it will buy and sell securities based on changes in the Invesco Index.
Although the U.S. Equity Segment generally will invest in substantially all of the securities comprising the Invesco Index in proportion to their weightings in the Invesco Index, under various circumstances it may not be possible or practicable to purchase all of those securities in those same weightings. In those circumstances, the U.S. Equity Segment may hold cash or purchase a sample of the securities in the Invesco Index. When it relies on a “sampling” methodology, Invesco uses quantitative analysis to select securities from the Invesco Index universe to obtain a representative sample of securities that has, overall, investment characteristics similar to the Invesco Index in terms of key risk factors, performance attributes, and other characteristics such as industry weightings, market capitalization, return variability, earnings valuation, yield, and other financial characteristics of securities. When employing a sampling methodology, Invesco bases the number of the holdings in the U.S. Equity Segment on a number of factors, including asset size of the U.S. Equity Segment, and generally expects the U.S. Equity Segment to hold fewer than the total number of securities in the Invesco Index. However, Invesco reserves the right to invest in as many securities as it believes necessary to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. The U.S. Equity Segment may invest in common stocks, preferred stocks, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), or other equity securities. The U.S. Equity Segment may use futures contracts, a type of derivative, to seek performance that corresponds to the Invesco Index and/or to manage cash flows. Use of futures contracts by the U.S. Equity Segment may create investment leverage.
Fixed income securities in which the Bond Segment invests primarily include U.S. dollar-denominated debt securities that are rated investment grade at the time of purchase, meaning that they will be rated Baa3 or higher by Moody’s, BBB- or higher by Standard & Poor’s or the equivalent by any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”). Debt securities in which the Bond Segment invests may include domestic and foreign corporate debt obligations, domestic and foreign government debt obligations, including U.S. Government securities, mortgage-related securities, asset-backed securities, and other debt obligations. The Bond Segment may also invest in unrated securities in which case
Invesco may internally assign ratings to certain of those securities, after assessing their credit quality, in investment grade categories similar to those of NRSROs. There can be no assurance, nor is it intended, that Invesco’s credit analysis is consistent or comparable with the credit analysis process used by an NRSRO. In the event that a security receives different ratings from different NRSROs, the Bond Segment will treat the security as being rated in the highest rating category received from an NRSRO. The Bond Segment may invest in illiquid or thinly traded securities. The Bond Segment may also invest in securities that are subject to resale restrictions such as those contained in Rule 144A. The Bond Segment may invest up to 5% its assets in securities below investment grade (“junk” or “high yield” bonds), including securities in default. In the event that a security is downgraded after its purchase by the Bond Segment, the Bond Segment may continue to hold the security if Invesco considers that doing so would be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. The Bond Segment may also enter into dollar roll transactions.
The Bond Segment may invest a portion of its assets in foreign debt securities, including securities issued by foreign governments or companies in both developed and emerging markets. The Bond Segment may not invest more than 20% of its net assets in foreign debt securities.
The Bond Segment has no limitations on the range of maturities of the debt securities in which it can invest and may hold securities with short-, medium-, or long-term maturities. The maturity of a security differs from its effective duration, which attempts to measure the expected volatility of a security’s price to interest rate changes. The Bond Segment may engage in treasury futures contracts in order to seek to enhance the Fund’s investment return or to try to manage investment risks. Use of treasury futures contracts by the Bond Segment may create investment leverage.
Invesco selects investments for the Bond Segment based on its analysis of opportunities and risks of various fixed income securities and market sectors by focusing on business cycle analysis and relative values between corporate and government sectors. The Bond Segment mainly seeks income earnings on its investments plus capital appreciation that may arise from decreases in interest rates, from improving credit fundamentals for a particular sector or security, or from other investment techniques. Invesco may sell securities that it believes no longer meet the above criteria.
Additionally, as part of the credit selection and portfolio construction process, Invesco employs a proprietary framework for evaluating each issuer based on ESG criteria that, with respect to the Bond Segment, it has determined to be important in the investment selection process. Invesco has developed an ESG risk evaluation that is integrated into its core fundamental credit research process. As part of this process, corporate and government issuers are evaluated and assigned an overall ESG score based on separate “E,” “S,” and “G” factor scores, which are derived using a proprietary scoring system that involves a quantitative and qualitative assessment of “E,” S,” and “G” factors. As part of this research process, Invesco may use third-party ESG ratings, company reporting, and engagement with management. If an issuer is determined by Invesco to have an overall ESG score that meets the applicable threshold that Invesco has established for that type of issuer, securities issued by it will be considered as a potential investment for the Bond Segment.
The ESG evaluation process for the Bond Segment also includes some exclusionary screening criteria which are intended to avoid investing in companies that are non-compliant with the UN Global Compact as well as companies that derive a significant portion of their revenue from: tobacco product manufacturing or distribution; extraction of fossil fuels from oil sands; mining or distribution of thermal coal; alcohol manufacturing or distribution; military contracting; manufacture of small arms including civilian firearms; provision of gambling products or services; or the provision of adult entertainment products or services. Additionally, companies involved in the following at any threshold are excluded: manufacture of nonconventional weapons including landmines and cluster munitions; or manufacture of nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons.
Invesco will monitor the “E,” “S,” and “G” factors of the Bond Segment’s holdings. If Invesco determines that a security’s overall ESG score has ceased to meet its threshold for inclusion in the Bond Segment, Invesco may sell that security, provided it can do so in an orderly manner given then-prevailing market conditions.
The Fund expects that it will engage in active and frequent trading and so will typically have a relatively high portfolio turnover rate.